Nastiness in Groups
通过大规模实验发现，人们在群体决策时比单独决策更倾向于做出恶意行为，即不惜自己付出代价来损害他人利益，原因在于群体环境分散了个人责任感知。
Abstract This paper provides evidence showing that people are more prone to engage in nasty behavior, malevolently causing financial harm to other people at own costs, when they make decisions in a group context rather than when making choices individually on their own. We establish this behavioral regularity in a series of large-scale experiments among university students, adolescents, and nationally representative samples of adults—more than ten thousand subjects in total. We test several potential mechanisms, and the results suggest that individual nasty inclinations are systematically more likely to affect behavior when decisions are made under the “cover” of a group, that is, in a group decision-context that creates a perception of diffused responsibility.