Intellectual monopolies as a new pattern of innovation and technological regime
在熊彼特Mark I和Mark II基础上，提出智力垄断模式解释大企业与高进入退出率并存现象，并以制药和信息技术为例提供证据。
Abstract Building on Schumpeter Mark I and Mark II, I propose an additional pattern of innovation and technological regime called the intellectual monopoly (IM) to explain the co-habitation of large incumbent firms with high entry and exit rates and provide evidence for pharmaceuticals and information technologies. I associate the IM pattern and technological regime with corporate innovation systems and illustrate that patterns not only evolve after changes in technological regimes but also due to economic, political, and institutional transformations.