America, Jump-Started: World War II R&D and the Takeoff of the US Innovation System
研究了二战期间美国政府大规模研发投资如何催生技术集群、促进高科技创业和就业，并持久改变美国创新方向，对理解公共研发的经济影响有参考价值。
During World War II, the US government’s Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) supported one of the largest public investments in applied R&D in US history. Using data on all OSRD-funded invention, we show this shock had a formative impact on the US innovation system, catalyzing technology clusters across the country, with accompanying increases in high-tech entrepreneur-ship and employment. These effects persist until at least the 1970s and appear to be driven by agglomerative forces and endogenous growth. In addition to creating technology clusters, wartime R&D permanently changed the trajectory of overall US innovation in the direction of OSRD-funded technologies.