The empirics of technology, employment and occupations: Lessons learned and challenges ahead
批判性回顾了关于技术与就业关系的实证文献，总结了近年研究的三波浪潮及其异质性发现，并指出未来需关注创新代理变量的偏差、微观与宏观方法的权衡、职业与任务的重新分配，以及劳动质量的影响。
Abstract This paper is a critical review of the empirical literature resulting from recent years of debate and analysis regarding technology and employment and the future of work as threatened by technology, outlining both lessons learned and challenges ahead. We distinguish three waves of studies and relate their heterogeneous findings to the choice of technological proxies, the level of aggregation, the adopted research methodology and to the relative focus on robots, automation and AI. The challenges ahead include the need for awareness of possible ex‐ante biases associated with the adopted proxies for innovation; the recognition of the trade‐off between microeconometric precision and a more holistic macroeconomic approach; the need for granular analysis of the reallocation and transformation of occupations and tasks brought about by different types of new technologies; the call for a closer focus on impacts on labor quality, in terms of types of jobs and working conditions.