Surveillance and Self-Control
利用德国分裂作为准实验，研究发现前东德居民比西德居民有更强的自我控制能力，政府监控可能是背后的机制，且自我控制随年龄线性增长。
Abstract This paper studies important determinants of adult self-control using population-representative data and exploiting Germany’s division as quasi-experimental variation. We find that former East Germans have substantially more self-control than West Germans and provide evidence for government surveillance as a possible underlying mechanism. We thereby demonstrate that institutional factors can shape people’s self-control. Moreover, we find that self-control increases linearly with age. In contrast to previous findings for children, there is no gender gap in adult self-control and family background does not predict self-control.