Environmental Policies and directed technological change
评估环境政策（环境税、规制和研发补贴）对绿色创新的影响，发现研发补贴对可再生能源创新的作用最强，且不同政策间存在交互效应。
This article evaluates if and to which extent policy can steer innovation towards eco-friendly technologies. We construct a cross-country dataset on sectoral green innovation and complement it with data on policies designed to address environmental market failures: environmental taxes, regulation, and R&D subsidies. While all of these tools exert a positive effect on green innovation, our IV estimates reveal substantial heterogeneities across policies. Overall, green innovation reacts most strongly to R&D subsidies for renewables, but interaction effects between different policies need to be considered.