Hedging performance analysis of energy markets: Evidence from copula quantile regression
研究结合Copula分位数回归与GARCH模型，分析西德克萨斯中质原油、布伦特原油、中国原油和取暖油在不同市场结构下的对冲绩效，发现市场结构变化对分位数对冲比率有异质性影响，且对冲有效性呈倒U形趋势。
Abstract This study investigates hedging performance with respect to different market structures for energy‐related commodities, including West Texas Intermediate crude oil, Brent crude oil, Chinese crude oil, and Heating oil. Copula quantile regression functions and the generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedasticity model are combined to analyze the nonlinear impact of dependence and the heterogeneous impact of market structure changes on hedging performance. Results show that hedging performance presents nonlinearity and market structure changes have surprisingly strong heterogeneous effects on the quantile hedge ratio, where bearish and bullish have lower hedge ratios than normal markets, which is captured better by Clayton copula quantile regression. Additionally, the trend of hedging effectiveness over different market structures also shows an inverted U shape. After changing data frequency or the types of futures contracts, the conclusions remain the same. Our empirical findings imply that hedgers are supposed to adjust the hedging number of futures according to market structure changes to hedge price risk effectively.