Reviewing and revising Black et al’s adjustment model(s)
系统评述699篇学术文章对Black等人外派与归国调整模型的引用与应用情况，发现超80%引用但仅三分之一明确应用，据此提出整合的阶段调整模型，适用于指派型与非指派型外派人员。
Previous reviews of Black et al's expatriation and repatriation adjustment models have evaluated the influence and reliability of the models.In this paper, we examine the changing and varied nature of engagement with the models in journal articles on international adjustment to investigate the implications of contemporary changes among expatriates and their behaviours and experiences.699 peer-reviewed academic articles published between 1991 and 2021 were systematically reviewed.Our analysis reveals that while more than 80% of the articles referenced their model(s), only a third explicitly applied the model(s).Drawing on our findings, we advance a revised version of Black et al's conceptual framework, which integrates their models into a combined stage-adjustment model applicable to both assigned expatriates (AEs) and non-assigned expatriates (NAEs).