Entrepreneurship in constrained immigration contexts – the liminal integration of Syrian refugees
基于对英格兰北部叙利亚难民的质性研究，探讨难民如何通过创业感知融合与社会排斥，发现创业对有能力成功创业的难民和弱势难民产生不同结果，呼吁超越经济贡献的全面融合观。
Drawing on a qualitative study of Syrian refugees in constrained immigration contexts in the North of England, this article explores refugees' perceptions of integration and social exclusion through entrepreneurship. By exploring refugee experiences as they engage in entrepreneurship programmes or business start-ups, our findings highlight a divide among refugees with the means to start-up businesses successfully and those without. The article contributes to understanding entrepreneurship as a tool for refugees that indicates dyadic outcomes of idiosyncratic integration among equipped refugees and liminal integration among vulnerable refugees. The article extends our appreciation of the nuance in entrepreneurship, and develops liminality debates by stressing the transformative nature of refugee journeys that involve cross-domain transitions characterized by multiple separations. We call for the acknowledgement of refugee heterogeneity in neoliberal economies in ways that encompass holistic views of integration beyond the current focus on economic contributions at the expense of all else.