No-claim refunds and healthcare use
利用德国一家大型健康保险公司的理赔数据和一项提高某些保单退款金额的政策，分解了无索赔退款对理赔行为的影响，发现该政策使理赔平均减少8%，且效果持续多年。
No-claim refunds are cost-control instruments which stipulate a payback agreement contingent on one or more claim-free years. We study how such no-claim refunds affect claiming behavior using claims data from a large German health insurer and a policy that increased the refund size for certain plans. We propose a method to decompose the effect on claims into behavioral and non-behavioral components, and show that individuals responded to the refund policy by reducing claims by eight percent on average. The effect persisted for several years; behavioral responses were stronger for clients with more to gain from the policy; and reductions in claims were not restricted to treatments of questionable medical value.