The Effect of Carbon Pricing on Firm Emissions: Evidence from the Swedish CO2 Tax
利用瑞典制造业企业26年的数据，估计碳定价对企业排放强度的影响，发现排放对价格的弹性约为2，且无碳税时2015年排放量可能高出约30%。
Abstract Sweden was one of the first countries to introduce a carbon tax back in 1991. We assemble a unique data set tracking CO2 emissions from Swedish manufacturing firms over 26 years to estimate the impact of carbon pricing on firm-level emission intensities. We estimate an emission-to-pricing elasticity of around two, with substantial heterogeneity across subsectors and firms, where higher abatement costs and tighter financial constraints are associated with lower elasticities. A simple calibration suggests that 2015 CO2 emissions from Swedish manufacturing would have been roughly 30% higher without carbon pricing.