The Role of Spiritual Practices in the Multidimensional Impact of Religion and Spirituality on Giving and Volunteering
研究了宗教和灵性如何通过多维指标（包括归属、成员身份、显著性）影响捐赠和志愿服务，发现六种不同的精神实践与更高的捐赠或志愿服务可能性独立相关，表明精神实践在宗教影响亲社会行为中的多重路径。
Religion is one of the most widely recognized predictors of charitable giving and volunteering. Yet there is less agreement on how it matters and whether spirituality matters as well. We explore religion’s modes of influence through multidimensional measures of religion and spirituality, including affiliation, membership, and salience. We introduce an analysis of spiritual practices to studies of prosocial behavior and find that six diverse spiritual practices are independently associated with greater likelihood of giving or volunteering. In full models, composite measures of spiritual practices beyond regular religiosity measures are significantly associated with both outcomes. Taken collectively, our results demonstrate the value of recognizing the multiple pathways through which religion and spirituality matter for giving and volunteering, the relevance of diverse forms of spiritual practice, and, most broadly, the importance of further exploring the links between spirituality and prosocial behavior.