Types of common R&D partners and knowledge leakage to rivals: The role of IP litigation reputation
研究通过专利相似性分析发现，与竞争对手共享研发合作伙伴会导致知识泄露，但企业的知识产权诉讼声誉能抑制这种泄露；当合作伙伴是大学或公共研究机构时，泄露更严重且诉讼声誉效果减弱。
We argue that knowledge leakage may occur between rival firms through indirect ties, i.e., if rivals collaborate on R&D with a common partner, but that firms with an aggressive reputation for IP litigation may be able to restrict such knowledge spillovers. We argue that knowledge leakage is more prominent, and litigation reputation is less powerful, when the common partner is a university or public research institution adhering to the open science paradigm, compared with when the common partner is another (non-rival) firm. Patent similarity analysis among dyads of leading pharmaceutical firms provides support for these hypotheses.