“Near” Weighted Utilitarian Characterizations of Pareto Optima
通过两种方式刻画帕累托最优：一是用有限序列的非负且最终为正的福利权重依次最大化功利福利函数，二是用一类正超实数权重最大化功利福利函数。这些“近似”加权功利福利标准所代表的社会福利排序，由加权功利主义的标准公理在适当弱化连续性公理后刻画。
We give two characterizations of Pareto optimality via “near” weighted utilitarian welfare maximization. One characterization sequentially maximizes utilitarian welfare functions using a finite sequence of nonnegative and eventually positive welfare weights. The other maximizes a utilitarian welfare function with a certain class of positive hyperreal weights. The social welfare ordering represented by these “near” weighted utilitarian welfare criteria is characterized by the standard axioms for weighted utilitarianism under a suitable weakening of the continuity axiom.