The technical and economic effects of biodiversity standards on wheat production
研究了法国小麦生产中采用不同严格程度的生物多样性环境标准对产量、质量和价格的影响，发现更严格的标准略微降低产量和品质，但价格小幅上升，溢价仅能补偿品质损失。
Abstract Our paper assesses the technical and economic effects of adopting environmental standards aimed at favouring biodiversity on wheat production. We consider two standards with different levels of environmental stringency. We use data on French wheat production at the plot level from the period 2014–2020. We implement an endogenous switching regression model taking into account two sources of endogeneity, environmental standards adoption and inputs quantity use. Our results indicate that adopting the more stringent standard slightly decreases wheat yield and quality. In contrast, it induces a low increase in wheat price. The price premium of the more stringent environmental standard merely compensates for the negative effect of the standard’s adoption on quality.