Occupational Licensing and the Healthcare Labor Market
研究了美国各州放宽执业范围要求对护士执业者劳动力市场的影响，发现雇主需求增加、收入上升，但就业增长有限，表明劳动力供给缺乏弹性阻碍了初级医疗服务的可及性提升。
<h3>Abstract</h3> We examine the labor market impact of states easing occupational license requirements by expanding the scope of practice (SOP) for nurse practitioners (NPs), allowing them to practice without physician oversight. Using data on job postings, we find that employers increase their demand for NPs when states expand NP SOP. We then show that SOP laws also increase NP earnings and reallocate NPs across the healthcare sector, including increasing self-employment. The laws only mildly increase employment, however. Therefore, expanding NP SOP has the potential to increase access to primary care, but inelastic NP labor supply has largely prevented this from occurring.