Social movements and Europeanisation: framing ‘responsibility’ and ‘responsiveness’ in times of multiple crises
通过分析左右翼社会运动的立场和公众舆论数据，揭示右翼从欧洲怀疑论转向激进拒绝欧盟，左翼则坚持批判性欧洲主义，并探讨双方如何构建欧盟责任与回应性的不同框架。
Movements on the Right and Left have long contested EU politics and policy choices. By analysing public opinion data and the positions of right- and left-wing movements, the article highlights increasing criticism of European integration on the Right, and a persistent critical vision on the Left which challenges the content of EU policies rather than the existence of a European polity. Far-Right movements have moved from Euroscepticism to radical EU-refusal, while the Left has remained anchored in critical Europeanism. We present how these debates are linked with public opinion before looking in some depth at frames in Left and far-Right social movements. We then reflect on how these frames have targeted or reconfigured the meanings attributed to EU responsibility. While addressing how social movements voice and bring citizens’ opinions into the policy-making process (responsiveness), our research illustrates the contested nature and construction of the idea of ‘responsible government’. We find a clear line of demarcation between the Left and the Right concerning the legitimate territorial scale of the EU’s responsibility: while the Left calls for responsibility to expand beyond the continent to the global scale, the Right criticises the intrusion of the EU into national policy making as illegitimate.