Research independence: drivers and impact on PhD students’ careers
基于法国STEM博士生的全样本数据，研究了博士生在博士期间追求独立研究的驱动因素，以及独立性如何影响其职业结果，发现独立性预测了学术生涯起步和更多发表，但以更少引用和更低海外学术职位概率为代价。
Drawing upon data on the entire population of French STEM PhD students, we explore the factors leading PhDs to pursue independent research from their supervisors during the PhD and how independence links to their career outcomes.We find that independence is significantly associated with students' and supervisors' characteristics.Moreover, students' independence predicts the probability of starting an academic career and, conditional on starting an academic career, a higher number of articles published after the PhD period.However, the higher number of articles comes at the cost of receiving fewer citations and having a lower probability of obtaining an academic position outside France.