Assessing Business Model Performance Using Scalability and Replicability as Performance Indicators: A Case of an Electric Commercial Vehicle Ecosystem
本研究提出用可扩展性和可复制性作为绩效指标来评估商业模式，并以电动商用车生态系统为例，分析了影响这两项指标的技术、经济和监管因素，对管理者设计可扩展和可复制的商业模式有实际指导意义。
In recent decades, the concept of a business model (BM) has attracted much attention as a strategic tool for understanding firm competitiveness. As organisations face increasing complexities and uncertainties, assessing performance of BMs has become increasingly important for understanding how firms can leverage their strengths, address weaknesses, and adapt to changing industry dynamics. However, assessing BMs' performance presents inherent challenges due to multifaceted dimensions and quantification complexities, as well as the absence of well-defined and appropriate performance indicators. This study thus responds to the recent calls for research on assessing BMs' performance by proposing an assessment framework using two BM outcomes, scalability and replicability, as potential performance indicators. Using an Electric Commercial Vehicle (ECV) ecosystem as a case study, we employ an assessment framework, exploring the determinants of scalability and replicability in ECV BMs, which are then categorised as technical, economic (or business-oriented), and regulatory. This paper contributes to the emerging BM literature by proposing scalability and replicability as two performance indicators for a comprehensive understanding of BM performance. It further illuminates both concepts of scalability and replicability, concluding with practical implications for managers designing scalable and replicable BMs.