The Contribution of Immigration to Local Labor Market Adjustment
研究移民如何影响美国地方失业率差异的调整，发现移民贡献了40%的人口调整，但并未加速整体调整，因为挤出了内部迁移。
The United States faces persistent spatial disparities in joblessness, which should theoretically be eliminated by population reallocation. Can immigration accelerate this adjustment process? I estimate that new immigrants account for 40% of local population adjustment since 1960. This vastly exceeds their share of gross migratory flows (just 10%). I attribute their “excess” response to the pull of migrant enclaves, which are disproportionately located in high-employment areas (a consequence of persistent shocks). However, immigration does not significantly accelerate population adjustment overall, as it crowds out the contribution from internal mobility. This crowd-out can help explain the contemporary decline in gross internal flows.