The consequences of high‐fatality school shootings for surviving students
研究了科伦拜恩、桑迪胡克和帕克兰三起高致死率校园枪击案对幸存学生出勤率、考试成绩及长期健康的影响，发现这些事件显著降低了学业表现，并增加了30岁前死亡风险，尤其是男孩的自杀和意外中毒。
Abstract This paper examines the impact of high‐fatality school shootings on the subsequent outcomes of the survivors of those events. We focus specifically on the shootings at Columbine High School (Littleton, CO), Sandy Hook Elementary (Newtown, CT), and Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School (Parkland, FL). We assess the subsequent educational record, including attendance and test scores, and the long‐term health consequences of surviving students. In all analyses, we treat the timing and location of these events as random, enabling us to identify causal effects. Our results indicate that these high‐fatality school shootings led to substantial reductions in attendance and test scores. These educational effects appear to be larger than the effects of shootings with fewer fatalities estimated by others. Children who survived the Columbine shooting were more likely to die by age 30, particularly among boys. They experienced higher levels of suicide and accidental poisonings (overdoses).