Early-life economic conditions and old-age male mortality: evidence from historical county-level bank deposit data
利用大萧条时期县级银行存款数据衡量早期经济条件，发现出生前后人均存款每增加一个标准差，男性老年寿命约延长1.7个月，并强调控制地方混杂因素的重要性。
This paper studies the long-run mortality effects of in-utero and early-life economic conditions. We examine how local economic conditions experienced during the Great Depression, proxied by county-level banking deposits during in-utero and first years of life, influence old-age longevity. We find that a one-standard-deviation rise in per capita bank deposits is associated with an approximately 1.7 month increase in males' longevity at old age. Additional analyses comparing state-level versus county-level economic measures provide insight on the importance of controlling for local-level confounders and exploiting more granular measures when exploring the relationship between early-life conditions and later-life mortality.