The Gender Gap in Confidence: Expected but Not Accounted For
研究了自信的性别差距如何影响评估者（如雇主）对男女的看法，发现自信差距具有传染性，导致评估者对女性形成过度悲观的信念，即使这一差距在意料之中且贝叶斯更新本应消除其影响。
We investigate how the gender gap in confidence affects the views that evaluators (e.g., employers) hold about men and women. We find the confidence gap is contagious, causing evaluators to form overly pessimistic beliefs about women. This result arises even though the confidence gap is expected and even though the confidence gap shouldn’t be contagious if evaluators are Bayesian. Only an intervention that facilitates Bayesian updating proves (somewhat) effective. Additional results highlight how similar findings follow even when there is no room for discriminatory motives or differences in priors because evaluators are asked about arbitrary, rather than gender-specific, groups.