Effect of vaccine recommendations on consumer and firm behavior
研究了2014年美国免疫实践咨询委员会推荐老年人接种肺炎球菌疫苗后，制造商辉瑞增加广告、消费者信息搜索和疫苗接种率上升，但医疗支出增加约10亿美元而健康收益甚微。
Abstract We provide novel evidence on how firms and patients respond to vaccine recommendations. In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that elderly adults receive the pneumococcal vaccine Prevnar 13. Using a difference‐in‐differences strategy, we first show that, following the recommendation, the manufacturer (Pfizer) increased direct‐to‐consumer advertising. We then document increased Prevnar 13–related information‐seeking behavior, and we show that targeted adults were more likely to have received a pneumococcal vaccine and were more connected to the health care system. Overall, the recommendation increased both Medicare Part B drug expenditures and Pfizer sales by approximately $1 billion annually, with little to no observable health benefits.