Job polarization and non-standard work: Evidence from France
利用法国劳动力调查数据，研究了经济衰退期间总工时下降主要源于常规标准就业减少，并分析了常规就业的动态变化及其与美国的不同。
Using annual and quarterly data from the French LFS , we investigate the interplay between the extensive and intensive margins of labor adjustment, job polarization, and non-standard work ( N S ) along the business cycle. We find that the declines in aggregate work hours during economic downturns can primarily be attributed to the reduction in routine standard employment ( R , S ) during past recessions in France. We then study the dynamics of routine standard employment, highlighting several key findings: (i) The primary drivers of R , S employment are inflows from routine non-standard work ( R , N S ) and unemployment. (ii) Individuals who lose R , S jobs are more likely to transition to R , N S positions following a brief period of unemployment. (iii) A majority of transitions within this employment category occur within the same employer, resulting in asymmetric adjustments in individual working hours. This often involves a notable increase in hours following either a contractual upgrade or a change in employer. Finally, we draw a comparative analysis between these findings and the United States, where the dynamics of routine employment appear distinct, despite a similar trend in job polarization.