Quantile Policy Effects: An Application to U.S. Macroprudential Policy
提出分位数政策效应方法，评估美国宏观审慎政策对银行信贷增长的不对称影响，发现紧缩政策未能抑制高信贷增长，宽松政策在低增长期也无效。
To assess the dynamic distributional impacts of macroeconomic policy, we propose quantile policy effects to quantify disparities between the quantiles of potential outcomes under different policies. We first identify quantile policy effects under the unconfoundedness assumption and propose an inverse probability weighting estimator. We then examine the asymptotic behavior of the proposed estimator in a time series framework and suggest a blockwise bootstrap method for inference. Applying this method, we investigate the effectiveness of U.S. macroprudential actions on bank credit growth from 1948 to 2019. Empirically, we find that the effects of macroprudential policy on credit growth are asymmetric and depend on the quantiles of credit growth. The tightening of macroprudential actions fails to rein in high credit growth, whereas easing policies do not effectively stimulate bank credit growth during low-growth periods. These findings suggest that U.S. macroprudential policies might not sufficiently address the challenges of soaring bank credit or ensure overarching financial stability.