Increasing inequalities in longevity among Italian workers
研究利用1990-2019年意大利私营部门工人和1981-2019年都灵全部劳动力的行政数据，发现按社会经济地位划分的65岁预期寿命和全因死亡率不平等在近几十年加剧，尤其对男性影响更大，低地位工人寿命改善微乎其微，导致养老金财富损失扩大。
Abstract This article examines the evolution of inequalities in life expectancy at 65 and all-cause mortality by socio-economic position (SEP) among Italian workers. Period life tables and negative binomial regression models are used to estimate longevity inequalities. The empirical assessment is carried out on two administrative datasets, one covering the entire population of private sector workers for the years 1990–2019 and the other covering the entire workforce in Turin for the years 1981–2019. We find that social inequalities in life expectancy and all-cause mortality have increased among Italian workers in recent decades. Several robustness checks confirm this worrying trend, especially for men. Longevity has improved for workers in the middle and high SEPs, while it has hardly changed for workers in the lowest SEP. We show that the estimated life expectancy differentials translate into a loss of pension wealth for the most disadvantaged categories, which also increases over time.