INFRAMARGINAL TRAVELERS AND TRANSPORTATION POLICY
将边际内出行者纳入瓶颈模型，显著提升模型拟合数据的能力，并改变拥堵收费等政策建议，最优收费变化至少25%，分配效应恶化。
Abstract Structural models of traffic congestion, such as the bottleneck model, are used to answer important, policy‐relevant questions. However, existing models typically assume that no travelers are inframarginal regarding when to travel; that is, given equilibrium travel times, no travelers strictly prefer their ex ante departure time to all others. In this article, I address this shortcoming by incorporating inframarginal travelers into these models. This change significantly improves these models' ability to fit the data and changes policy prescriptions. In the case of congestion pricing, it typically changes the optimal toll by at least 25% and significantly worsens the distributional impacts.