Common Subcontracting and Airline Prices
研究美国航空业中独立支线航空公司为多家干线航空公司提供分包服务（共同分包）对票价的影响，发现分包本身降低票价但共同分包却推高票价，暗示支线航空发展可能带来反竞争效应。
Abstract In the US airline industry, independent regional airlines fly passengers on behalf of several national airlines across different markets, giving rise to common subcontracting. On the one hand, we find that subcontracting is associated with lower prices, consistent with the notion that regional airlines tend to fly passengers at lower costs than major airlines. On the other hand, we find that common subcontracting is associated with higher prices. These two countervailing effects suggest that the growth of regional airlines can have anticompetitive implications for the industry.