Balancing democracy: majoritarianism versus expression of preference intensity
评估了多数规则、博达规则和简单多数规则三种投票制度，比较它们违背多数原则和忽视偏好强度的成本，发现简单多数规则优于多数规则，而多数规则优于博达规则。
Abstract This paper evaluates three prominent voting systems: the Majority Rule (MR), Borda Rule (BR), and Plurality Rule (PR). Our analysis centers on the susceptibilities of each system to potential transgressions of two foundational principles: the respect for majority preference (majoritarianism) and the acknowledgment of the intensity of individual preferences. We operationalize the concept of 'cost' as the expected deviation from the aforementioned principles. A comparative assessment of MR, BR, and PR is undertaken in terms of their costs. Our findings underscore the superiority of PR over MR, whilst also highlighting the comparative advantage of MR against BR.