Development and validation of the new resident empowerment through Tourism Scale: RETS 2.0
研究开发并验证了新版居民旅游赋权量表RETS 2.0，新增经济和环境两个赋权维度，并在佛得角小岛目的地测试，发现心理、经济和环境赋权能显著预测居民对旅游的支持。
This study developed a new version of the Resident Empowerment through Tourism Scale - the RETS 2.0 by integrating two new dimensions of empowerment – economic and environmental empowerment – that the original RETS left off. The RETS 2.0 also abbreviates the original RETS to three items per a construct, reducing response burden, and opening up space for measuring different antecedents and outcomes of empowerment. The RETS 2.0 was empirically tested and validated in the small island destinations of Boa Vista and Sal, Cape Verde following Churchill's (1979) and Rossiter's (2002) three-stage mix-method scale development approach. After demonstrating convergent validity, nomological validity was demonstrated by all dimensions being significantly correlated with support for tourism. However, in the test of predictive validity, only psychological, economic, and environmental empowerment were found to be significant predictors of support for tourism. The RETS 2.0 is proposed as a holistic and parsimonious five-dimension scale that assesses resident's empowerment towards sustainable tourism development.