Moving mountains: Geography, neighborhood sorting, and spatial income segregation
利用2015年美国社区调查数据，模拟改变城市地形（海拔和起伏度）后邻里收入隔离的变化，发现地形起伏加剧了收入隔离，平坦城市则相反。
Abstract Using a novel geospatial panel combined with data from the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS), we investigate the effect of topography—altitude and terrain unevenness—on income segregation at the neighborhood level. Specifically, we perform large‐scale counterfactual simulations by estimating household preferences for topography, altering the topographical profile of each city, and observing the resulting neighborhood sorting outcome. We find that unevenness contributes to the segmentation of markets: in the absence of hilliness, rich and poor households experience greater mixing. Hillier cities are more income‐segregated because of their unevenness; the opposite is true for flatter cities.