Distinct Constellations of Common Risk Factors Differentially Relate to Executive-Function Ability in Children
对美国9-10岁儿童进行潜在剖面分析，发现六种不同的风险因素组合，这些组合与儿童执行功能能力的平均水平差异相关，其中家庭社会经济状况与高于或低于平均水平的执行功能能力有关。
Executive functioning (EF) has been shown to relate to academic achievement and well-being. Independent bodies of work have aimed to understand what environmental or personal attributes influence EF ability. However, most research has not considered how constellations of risk factors create distinct patterns of influence on EF ability. The current study tested a sample of children aged 9 to 10 years from the United States ( N = 10,323, 48.06% female, M ag e = 9.9 years, age range = 8.9–11.08 years) using a latent profile analysis (LPA) to detect subgroups that varied in their combinations of various risk factors. Six distinct groups of risk factors for children emerged, which in turn related to different average EF abilities. We found that family socioeconomic measures related to a subgroup having above- or below-average EF ability, but we also found an effect on EF across different risk factors. These results inform our understanding of individual variations in EF ability and highlight the idea that EF interventions should consider risk holistically.