The relationship between servant leadership and cyberloafing: an investigation of meaningful work versus citizenship pressure
研究了服务型领导对员工网络闲逛的双刃剑效应，发现它既通过增强有意义工作减少网络闲逛，又通过增加公民压力促进网络闲逛，且促进焦点调节了前者。
Cyberloafing is a form of counterproductive work behaviour (CWB), that is increasingly prominent yet easily concealed. This organizational phenomenon poses numerous detrimental effects on organizations, underscoring the importance of understanding the factors that can mitigate employee cyberloafing. Drawing on social exchange theory (SET) and social information processing theory (SIP), this study proposes an integrated model that explores the double-edged sword effect of servant leadership on cyberloafing. We hypothesize that servant leadership may increase meaningful work or citizenship pressure, thereby discouraging or facilitating cyberloafing. Meanwhile, we investigate the moderating effect of regulatory focus (promotion focus and prevention focus). Data were collected from 375 Chinese employees in three waves, with a two-week interval between each wave. The results showed that servant leadership enhanced meaningful work, resulting in a disincentive to cyberloafing. Conversely, servant leadership intensified citizenship pressure, leading to an increase in cyberloafing. The negative indirect effect of servant leadership on cyberloafing via meaningful work was moderated by promotion focus. Specifically, this indirect effect was more pronounced when the promotion focus was higher. Our research offers crucial insights for preventing employee cyberloafing in organizations.