Balancing Study and Work: Heterogeneous Impact of the Bologna Reform on the Labour Market
研究了2011年俄罗斯实施的博洛尼亚改革（缩短本科课程一年并压缩课程）对劳动力市场的影响，发现平均无负面效应，但女性高回报学生减少工作、投资人力资本并稳定工资，而男性低回报学生人力资本投资不足且工资下降。
Abstract The Bologna reform, the largest European education reform, was implemented in Russia in 2011. The reform shortened the duration of some undergraduate programmes by 1 year and compressed their curricula. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, I find that the reform had no short‐ or medium‐term adverse effects on employment. However, I find that null average effects on wages mask considerable heterogeneity. I find that female students with high relative returns worked less during their studies, invested in their human capital, and secured stable wages. In contrast, male students with low relative returns underinvested in human capital and experienced a decline in wages.