Economic inequality and the ecological footprint: Time-varying estimates for four developed economies, 1962–2021
研究了1962至2021年法国、荷兰、美国和英国的收入与财富不平等对生态足迹的影响，发现收入不平等主要通过碳排放影响生态足迹，且这种关系从1960年代的负相关转为1980年代末的正相关。
This paper explores the link between income, and wealth inequality and the ecological footprint in France, Netherlands, United States, and United Kingdom from 1962 to 2021. Based on theoretical considerations, we allow the relationship to vary over time. Our analysis provides some support for income inequality influencing ecological footprints, specifically through carbon emissions. Yet, we do not observe a significant effect on non‑carbon footprints. Notably, the link between income inequality and carbon emissions shifted from negative in the 1960s to positive from the late 1980s onwards. Over all our findings imply that economic inequality's impact on the environment is likely limited and context dependent.