Intergenerational Mobility in India: New Measures and Estimates across Time and Social Groups
提出一种新的向上流动性度量方法，发现印度代际流动性自自由化以来持续偏低，种姓制度下的平权政策显著提升了表列种姓的流动性，而穆斯林群体的流动性下降。
We study intergenerational mobility in India. We propose a new measure of upward mobility: the expected education rank of a child born to parents in the bottom half of the education distribution. This measure works well under data constraints common in developing countries and historical contexts. Intergenerational mobility in India has been constant and low since before liberalization. Among sons, we observe rising mobility for Scheduled Castes and declining mobility among Muslims. Daughters’ intergenerational mobility is lower than sons’, with less cross-group variation over time. A natural experiment suggests that affirmative action for Scheduled Castes has substantially improved their mobility.