How the Internet Changed the Market for Print Media
利用挪威媒体市场数据和宽带互联网普及的外生变化，本文提供了互联网如何影响传统印刷媒体的因果证据，发现宽带普及导致印刷报纸读者量和发行量大幅下降，同时在线新闻阅读量增加，但报纸收入急剧减少。
Combining rich data from the Norwegian media market with exogenous variation in the availability and adoption of broadband internet, this paper provides causal evidence on how the internet affected traditional print media. Broadband internet adoption triggered large reductions in print readership and circulation and equally large increases in online news readership. Despite strong substitution from print to online news consumption, newspaper revenues fell dramatically. Newspapers responded to this adverse technology shock along multiple dimensions, including cutting costs by reducing labor inputs and the physical newspaper size and changing the print product available to customers by reducing tabloid content share.