Local Ties in Spatial Equilibrium
研究发现，在经济萧条地区居住的人往往出生于此，这种本地联系导致迁移反应较小，进而使实际收入更低且波动更大，形成滞后效应。
Someone who lives in an economically depressed place was probably born there. And having workers with local ties who prefer to live in their birthplaces leads to smaller migration responses in depressed places. Smaller migration responses lead to lower real incomes and make incomes more volatile, a form of hysteresis. Local ties can also persist for generations. Subsidies to economically depressed places cause smaller distortions, because few people want to move to depressed places. Finally, subsidies to productive places increase aggregate productivity, as they induce more migration.