Heterogeneous university funding programs and regional firm innovation
利用德国卓越计划中不同类型的大学资助项目，研究发现资助聚焦国际前沿研究的卓越集群能提高区域企业创新概率，而资助研究生院或大学战略则无显著效果。
This paper estimates the effect of heterogeneous university funding programs within the German Excellence Initiative on a regional firm's probability to innovate by using a multi-valued two-way fixed effects difference-in-differences model. The estimations show that funding an additional Excellence Cluster focused on internationally competitive research within a labor market region increases a regional firm's probability to innovate. This effect is driven by firms within labor market regions receiving a high number of Excellence Clusters. There is no statistically significant effect for receiving a low number of Excellence Clusters. Moreover, we find no consistent statistically significant effect of funding Graduate Schools concentrating on training scientists nor of funding University Strategies promoting the overall long-term plan of a university.