Off-the-grid regularisation for Poisson inverse problems
研究了离网正则化框架在泊松噪声下的应用，将全变分正则化与Kullback-Leibler数据项结合，分析了最优性条件和对偶问题，并通过滑动Frank-Wolfe算法在1D/2D/3D模拟和真实3D荧光显微镜数据上验证了效果。
Abstract Off-the-grid regularisation has been extensively employed over the last decade in the context of ill-posed inverse problems formulated in the continuous setting of the space of Radon measures $${{\mathcal {M}}(\Omega )}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . These approaches enjoy convexity and counteract the discretisation biases as well the numerical instabilities typical of their discrete counterparts. In the framework of sparse reconstruction of discrete point measures (sum of weighted Diracs), a Total Variation regularisation norm in $${{\mathcal {M}}(\Omega )}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is typically combined with an $$L^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> data term modelling additive Gaussian noise. To assess the framework of off-the-grid regularisation in the presence of signal-dependent Poisson noise, we consider in this work a variational model where Total Variation regularisation is coupled with a Kullback–Leibler data term under a non-negativity constraint. Analytically, we study the optimality conditions of the composite functional and analyse its dual problem. Then, we consider an homotopy strategy to select an optimal regularisation parameter and use it within a Sliding Frank-Wolfe algorithm. Several numerical experiments on both 1D/2D/3D simulated and real 3D fluorescent microscopy data are reported.