A Framework for Detecting Both Main Effect and Interactive DIF in Multidimensional Forced-Choice Assessments
提出一种新方法，能同时检测多维迫选测验中由多个协变量引起的主效应和交互性项目功能差异，自动寻找连续或有序协变量的最优切分点，避免信息损失，提高检测效力。
In recent decades, multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) tests have gained widespread popularity in organizational settings due to their effectiveness in reducing response biases. Detecting differential item functioning (DIF) is crucial in developing MFC tests, as it relates to test fairness and validity. However, existing methods appear insufficient for detecting DIF induced by the interaction between multiple covariates. Furthermore, for multi-category, ordered or continuous covariates, existing approaches often dichotomize them using a-priori cutoffs, commonly using the median of the covariates. This may lead to information loss and reduced power in detecting MFC DIF. To address these limitations, we propose a method to identify both main effect DIF and interactive DIF. This method can automatically search for the optimal cutoffs for ordered or continuous covariates without pre-defined cutoffs. We introduce the rationale behind the proposed method and evaluate its performance through three Monte Carlo simulation studies. Results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively identifies various DIF forms in MFC tests, thereby increasing detection power. Finally, we provide an empirical application to illustrate the practical applicability of the proposed method.