Unions divided? Trade union attitudes towards the European Union’s Directive on Adequate Minimum Wages
基于对13个欧盟国家工会代表的27次半结构化访谈，本文提出一个三分类型学来解释为何一些国家的工会支持欧盟最低工资指令，而另一些则反对，关键变量是集体谈判覆盖率和国家制度角色。
In October 2022, the European Union adopted a directive on adequate minimum wages in the European Union (AMWD). This directive has sparked considerable controversy. While employers uniformly oppose the AMWD, unions are divided. In many EU countries, unions support the AMWD, while in Denmark and Sweden, they oppose it. This article aims to answer the question: Why do unions in some member states support the AMWD, while unions in other countries oppose it? Drawing on 27 semi-structured interviews with union representatives from 13 EU countries, the article presents a typology of union positions towards AMWD consisting of three types: domestically-oriented opposition, domestically-oriented support, and externally-oriented support. The article proposes an explanation for these three different types that is based on two variables: bargaining coverage, and the role of state institutions in protecting it.