Grand-parenthood and retirement
利用瑞典行政数据，研究发现第一个孙辈出生显著提高了祖父母的退休概率，且高收入群体影响更大，表明祖父母身份降低了退休决策对经济激励的弹性。
This paper uses Swedish administrative data to examine the impact of grandparenthood on retirement behaviour. For causal identification, I exploit conditionally random variation in the births of first grandchildren using an event study design. The results show a significant increase in the retirement probability for grandmothers and grandfathers when the first grandchild is born, with no significant differences between them. The effects of the arrival of the grandchild on retirement increase over time after the grandchild is born. The incremental effects are larger among grandparents in the upper half of the earnings distribution than among their counterparts. The findings suggest that grandparenthood makes grandfathers and grandmothers less elastic to financial incentives and other regulations that also promote longer working lives also in a country with generous family policies such as Sweden.