Accommodating the Rise in Urbanisation: Are New Towns a Good Solution?
研究了新城作为应对全球城市化工具的效果，以巴黎1970年代开发的五个新城为例，发现到2015年它们使大都市人口增长18%、GDP增长11%、平均通勤时间减少6.9%，并通过全球314个新城数据验证了结论。
Abstract This paper studies the performance of New Towns, that is, planned large urban sub-centres, as a central tool to accommodate the global rise in urbanisation. A spatial quantifiable general equilibrium framework suitable to study large-scale urban master plans is presented. The framework is then used to investigate the equilibrium effects of five New Towns developed in the 1970s in Paris’s metropolitan area. By 2015, the development of New Towns appears to have increased metropolitan population ($+$18%), metropolitan gross domestic product ($+$11%) and reduced average commuting times (−6.9%). The results obtained for Paris’s metropolitan area are externally validated using a difference-in-differences approach on all 314 New Towns developed worldwide between 1992 and 2012.