Investments in transmission lines and storage units considering second-order stochastic dominance constraints
研究中央规划者在考虑碳排放限制下，通过二阶随机占优约束优化输电网络扩建和储能单元安装，以应对需求增长和可再生能源波动，基于西班牙加那利群岛的算例验证了储能对可再生能源整合的关键作用。
Increasing intermittent renewable generation to meet the climate goals entails a deep transformation of current power systems. The transmission system must adapt to ensure a rapid and flexible response to the changes in the energy flows. Flexibility can be provided by reinforcing the interconnection among all the market agents and/or by installing facilities with fast response to the changes. In this work, we study the investment problem of a central planner that seeks to expand the transmission network and install storage units considering decarbonizing measures. We propose a two-stage stochastic problem with uncertainty on the demand growth and including representative days to characterize the hourly demand and renewable power variability. To obtain better expansion strategies according to a limit on the carbon emissions, second-order stochastic dominance constraints are imposed. Numerical analyses based on the power system of the Canary island (Spain) are provided. The results show that to install storage units is key to efficiently integrate renewable generation. The investments in the transmission system are mostly in lower-voltage lines. The formulation with stochastic dominance constraints results in higher second-stage investments, allowing a better adaptation to the demand growth evolution.