Measurement of Visitors’ Subjective and Objective Emotional Response to Congestion in Public Spaces
该研究结合GPS追踪、经验取样法和皮肤电活动监测，在耶路撒冷市场实地测量游客在不同拥挤程度下的主观和客观情绪反应，发现两者部分一致，为改善拥挤目的地游客体验提供方法参考。
Research on the ties between congestion and visitors’ experiences in a destination has primarily used subjective methods. The current study proposes that the emotional, subjective visitor response to congestion be measured alongside the objective experience, in real time and real-world conditions. To do so, advanced tracking methods in time and space (GPS) were combined with the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), which includes self-reporting and physiological monitoring of electrodermal activity (SCL). An intra-subject experiment was designed, with all participants asked to traverse an identical path in Jerusalem’s main market, Mahane Yehuda , under two different crowding conditions. The partial concordance between subjective and objective arousal highlights the methodology’s significance for increasing our understanding of a visit’s emotional dimension in urban destinations, particularly congested public spaces. Alongside the study’s limitations, the practical application of the methodology for tourist destinations and urban settings that face congestion and overcrowding is discussed, aiming to improve the quality of the visitor experience and urban well-being.