Paying Them to Hate US: The Effect of US Military Aid on Anti-American Terrorism, 1968–2018
研究了1968至2018年间174个国家的数据，发现美国军事援助（尤其是军事融资和教育）增加了受援国发生反美恐怖主义的可能性，可能通过削弱军事能力、加剧腐败和排斥性政策等渠道引发当地不满。
Abstract How does anti-American terrorism in recipient countries respond to US military aid? Does aid protect United States interests abroad or does it have unintended consequences for US security? To answer these questions, we estimate the effect of US military aid on anti-American terrorism in recipient countries for a sample of 174 countries between 1968 and 2018. We find that higher levels of aid especially for military financing and education are associated with a higher likelihood of anti-American terrorism in aid-receiving countries. Examining potential transmission channels, we show that more US military aid correlates with lower military capacity and increases in corruption and exclusionary policies in recipient countries. Our findings are consistent with the argument that military aid aggravates local grievances, creating anti-American resentment and leading to anti-American terrorism. Indeed, we also provide tentative evidence that US military aid is associated with lower public opinion about the United States in recipient countries.