Preregistered Replication and Extension of “Moral Hypocrisy: Social Groups and the Flexibility of Virtue”
通过两个在线实验（最小群体和政治群体）复制并扩展了Valdesolo和DeSteno（2007）关于群体间道德伪善的研究，发现最小群体中存在内群体偏袒，政治群体中存在外群体贬低，但未完全复制原始结果。
The tendency for people to consider themselves morally good while behaving selfishly is known as moral hypocrisy. Influential work by Valdesolo and DeSteno (2007) found evidence for intergroup moral hypocrisy such that people were more forgiving of transgressions when they were committed by an in-group member than an out-group member. We conducted two experiments to examine moral hypocrisy and group membership in an online paradigm with Prolific workers from the United States: a direct replication of the original work with minimal groups ( N = 610; nationally representative) and a conceptual replication with political groups ( N = 606; 50% Democrats and 50% Republicans). Although the results did not replicate the original findings, we observed evidence of in-group favoritism in minimal groups and out-group derogation in political groups. The current research finds mixed evidence of intergroup moral hypocrisy and has implications for understanding the contextual dependencies of intergroup bias and partisanship.