Education, crowding‐out, and Black‐White employment in youth labor markets: Evidence from No Pass, No Drive policies
研究“不及格不拿驾照”政策如何通过要求青少年上学才能持有驾照，影响黑人和白人青年的就业。发现该政策使黑人青年就业率提高6.7个百分点，白人青年就业率下降8.3个百分点，对18-25岁成年人有类似但较小的效应。
Abstract We study how education affects Black and White youth employment in the context of No Pass, No Drive (NPND) policies, which require that teens attend school to hold drivers' licenses. Using difference‐in‐differences estimation, we find that NPND policies increase Black teen employment by 6.7 p.p. without affecting labor force participation (LFP), while reducing White teen employment and LFP by 8.3 p.p. and 5.9 p.p., respectively. We find similar, but smaller effects for Black and White adults ages 18–25. By increasing school enrollment, NPND policies cause White youths to exit the labor force, increasing labor market tightness and improving job finding for Black youths.